latest flash news, including attachments, available to Autofox News subscribers after login
Electromobility Forum 2025: Economia, Leef Technologies to hold 8th conference on present, future of e-mobility in Prague, Czechia on October 1-2 with exhibition of BEVs, charging technologies, services. Representatives of Volkswagen, Hyundai, Kia, AutoBinck/MG, Onvo/Nio, BattSwap, MAN, Škoda Group, DAF, Daimler Truck, Volvo Group, Aures Holdings, Drivalia Lease, Arval, EIB (European Investment Bank), Orlen Unipetrol, PRE (Pražská energetika), ČEZ, E.ON Drive Infrastructure, Enefit, Chargee eMobility, Hubject, DKV Mobility, Last Mile Solutions, Irdeto, Bosch Powertrain, Valeo, Ekoenergetyka, CEDA Maps, Amazon, C.S.Cargo, Hral, Wolt, Dunne Insights, AutoSAP, Czech E-mobility Platform, E-Mobility Europe, ČESMAD Bohemia, Aku-Bat CZ, SFŽP (State Environmental Fund of Czech Republic), Czech ministries (MPO, MŽP, MD) to speak at event. Leasing České spořitelny, Emil Frey/Leapmotor, Renault, Porsche Holding/VW, Hedin/Xpeng, Innogy, Elexim/MyBox, eJoin, Autel, Onsemi, Carporio, Cummins, Frankensolar, Riddara became partners
September 23, 2025 | 11:50am CETflashread more
OMV fired executive on suspicion of spying for Russia. Long-time OMV manager (who had been temporarily seconded to Abu Dhabi National Oil Company/ADNOC in United Arab Emirates/UAE, which owns 25% stake in OMV) had contacts in Vienna, Austria with Russian diplomat suspected by Western intelligence services of being agent of Russian intelligence service FSB
September 23, 2025 | 11:44am CETflashread more
Cyber attack: Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) aims to resume production on September 24. However, industry sources warn that full recovery may not occur until November. Carmaker is losing estimated GBP 50 million (GBP 5-10 million/day) in production each week due to outage, with daily output of around 1,000 cars. In addition, concerns are growing about negative impact of shutdown on supply chain, with speculation that some suppliers could go bankrupt
September 22, 2025 | 03:47pm CETflashread more
Klíma (E.ON Drive Infrastructure/EDRI): Czechia currently has sufficient charging infrastructure capable of serving 1 million electric vehicles (at 100% capacity utilization of stations), while approximately 50,000 BEVs are on Czech roads and utilization of more than 7,000 public charging points is around 5%. Czech Republic has one public charging point for 5 electric vehicles, while in neighboring countries this number is usually around 15 vehicles/point. Czech charging network to be oversized and loss-making for operators for at least next 5 years (2025-2030)
September 22, 2025 | 03:35pm CETflashread more
SpeedChain 2025: Reliant to hold 20th international logistics conference in Prague, Czechia on September 30. Representatives of Škoda Auto, Goodyear Czech, Raiffeisenbank, Sixt, P3 Logistic Parks, Schoeller Allibert Czech Republic, Ringil, Samskip, Kuka Robotics Czech, TimoCom, ICZ Group, Hopi Holding, Lotraco, Gebrüder Weiss, CTP, Fanuc Czech, Metrans Group, Antwell Group, DKV Mobility, Linde Material Handling Czech Republic, Intralog Services, Garbe Industrial Real Estate, Dachser Czech Republic, Kuehne + Nagel, DHL Supply Chain, Panattoni CZ & SK, MSC, Balíkobot, Raben Logistics Czech & Slovakia, Satum Czech, C.S.Cargo, Logio, X-Care Robotics to speak at event
September 22, 2025 | 03:26pm CETflashread more
Microelectronics UK, Semiconductors UK, Photonics UK, Embedded Systems UK 2025: IQPC to hold four conferences on value chains across microelectronics, semiconductor, photonics, embedded systems industries in London, UK on September 24-25. Representatives of BMW Group, McLaren Applied, Fujitsu, Leonardo, NXP, Nokia, Siemens Digital Industries Software, Siemens EDA, Johnson Controls, Ericsson, Airbus, Intel, Horiba Mira, Analog Devices, Honeywell, Eaton European Innovation Center, Paul Swift Precision Driving, Schneider Electric, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Dell to speak at event
September 17, 2025 | 05:44pm CETflashread more
Jaguar Land Rover Automotive (JLR) announced that some data has been affected by cyber attack, informing relevant regulators
September 17, 2025 | 05:35pm CETflashread more
Stellantis (Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles, Opel, Vauxhall, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Alfa Romeo, Abarth, Lancia, Maserati, Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ram, Leapmotor) returned to European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) after two years, becoming association's 16th member
September 17, 2025 | 05:27pm CETflashread more
Hedrich: Kia (Hyundai Group) not to support postponement of European Union (EU)’s 2035 zero-CO2 emissions goal for new cars and vans. Company massively invests in extension of portfolio of battery electric vehicles (EV2, EV3, EV4, EV4 Fastback, EV5, EV6, EV9, PV5, PV7), in Slovakia (EUR 108 million in Žilina, EV4 Hatchback and EV2 models) and elsewhere. Automaker expects BEVs to account for 74 % of its total sales in Europe by 2030
September 15, 2025 | 04:57pm CETflashread more
European Mobility Week 2025 (September 16-22): 44 countries and 1,934 cities to participate, including Czechia (31 cities), Slovakia (57), Poland (129), Hungary (68), Germany (237), Austria (228), Spain (426), Ukraine (3) and non-European (Argentina, Japan, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru)
September 15, 2025 | 04:40pm CETflashread more
ČSÚ: Car prices in Czechia down by 0.4% m/m in August, up by 1.1% y/y (new: -0.2% m/m, +0.7% y/y; used: -0.5%, +1.4%). Inflation (consumer price index/CPI) in related areas developed differently – motorcycles (+1.1%, +4.1%), spare parts and accessories (-0.4%, +1.2%), fuels and oils (-0.9%, -7.6%), maintenance and repairs / service works (+0.2%, +5.2%)
September 15, 2025 | 04:34pm CETflashread more
Take Charge Europe: European Union (EU) should maintain its 2035 zero-CO2 emissions target for new cars and vans, over 150 CEOs and business leaders from Europe’s e-mobility ecosystem, including vehicle manufacturers, battery producers, charging providers, software developers, material suppliers, electricity suppliers, engineering service providers and grid operators (Lucid, Rivian, Polestar, Volvo Cars/Geely Group, Moon Power/Porsche Holding Salzburg/Volkswagen Group, A2A Life Company, ABB E-mobility, AFRY, Allego, Alfen, Alpitronic, Ampeco, Anyos, AstraZeneca, AutoManager, Basquevolt, Cabify, Chargebyte, Chargecloud, Chargemap, ChargePoint, Chargepoly, ChargeX, CheckWatt, Circontrol, Cylib, Driveco, Dürr, EDP, EEVEE Mobility, Eirich, Ekoenergetyka, Electra, Electroder, Ellevio, Elocity, eMabler, Enequi, Enervie, EV Assistance, Exacom/Viscom, Fastned, Forsee Power, Gireve, Greenway, Hager, Hubject, Hydrovolt, Iberdrola, Ikea/Ingka, Ionity, Izivia/EDF, Kempower, Last Mile Solutions, LG Energy Solution, Logivolt, Mecaware, Mob-Energy, New AutoMotive, Nitid, Octopus Electroverse, Octopus Energy, Optimile, Orano, Pionix, Planet A Ventures, Plugbox, Plugit, Plugsurfing, Powerdot, Primobius, Qurrent, Ridergy, Rock Tech Lithium, Samsung SDI, Scame, ScreenCharge, Silla Industries, SK On/SK Innovation, Smappee, Socomec, Spirii, Swish, Talga, Tokai Cobex, Uber, Vattenfall, Verkor, Vianode, Vireo Ventures, Virta, Wallbox, We Drive Solar, Wirelane, Zaptec, Zunder), said in joint call by associations E-Mobility Europe and ChargeUp Europe
September 12, 2025 | 12:34pm CETflashread more
Rho Motion: Global new electric vehicle (EV) sales grew by 15% to 1.7 million (1.16 million BEVs, 0.57 million PHEVs) passenger cars and light-duty vehicles (LDVs/LCVs) in August, by 25% to 12.5 million in first eight months – China: 7.6 million BEVs and PHEVs (+25%), Europe (EU & EFTA & UK): 2.6 million (+31%), North America (USA & Canada & Mexico): 1.3 million (+6%), Rest of World (RoW): 1 million (+44%)
September 12, 2025 | 12:26pm CETflashread more
Hyundai to suspend production in Nošovice, Czechia (Tucson, i30, i30 N, Kona Electric models; ICEVs, MHEVs, HEVs, PHEVs, BEVs) for next three days (September 22-23, September 29) due to reduced sales, unions (ZO OS KOVO Hyundai Czech) said. This is another shutdown at Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Czech after two non-production days on September 8-9
September 12, 2025 | 12:16pm CETflashread more
Institutions
Government approved better position of consumer loans clients in Czech Rep
August 23, 2012 | 12:54am CEToriginalAccording to CSSD, new act does not solve the problem of arbitration clauses, unfair penalties and the amount of interest. Details of the amendment, CSSD suggestions...
read moreCzech police accused Tatra chief Ronald Adams, to be prosecuted unapprehended
August 22, 2012 | 03:39am CEToriginalAdams reportedly offered the former Deputy Minister of Defence, Martin Bartak a bribe for defence contracts at IDET fair in 2009....
read moreCar prices fell m/m in Czech Rep in July
August 13, 2012 | 02:03am CEToriginalWhile new cars became more expensive, used ones became cheaper. Prices of servicing stagnated, prices of spare parts fell...
read moreEC investigates possible cartel of manufacturers of cable harnesses for automobiles
August 9, 2012 | 05:15pm CEToriginalThe Commission has carried out unannounced inspections in several companies. Possible sanctions...
read moreFrance wants EU to examine import of cars from South Korea
August 7, 2012 | 10:42pm CEToriginalGrowing sales of South Korean cars along with the slump in the European market, reporting imports into the EU, re-imposition of duties, free trade agreement...
read moredTest: AAA Auto breaks law when offering financing of used cars
August 2, 2012 | 12:29am CEToriginalProviding pre-contractual information in advance, contribution to holiday or cash when taking a credit, the opinion of MPO, the reaction of AAA Auto...
read moreVolkswagen asked Fiat chief to leave head of ACEA
July 30, 2012 | 05:58am CEToriginalThe reason is Sergio Marchionne’s statement that Volkswagen had ruthless pricing strategy. EC response...
read moreCzech registry includes 500,000 errors about car owners
July 27, 2012 | 06:02am CEToriginalOther problems include faulty license plates and duplicate VIN codes. The database functionality, the political level...
read moreThe new Czech vehicle register has around 1 million incorrect data
July 24, 2012 | 11:54pm CEToriginalFor example, cars in the database have the wrong owner or their technical parameters do not match. The solution, debug horizon...
read moreCzech Registry of vehicles did not work on Monday again, connection to database of wanted cars failed
July 24, 2012 | 02:11am CEToriginalThe culprit of failure has not been found yet, the affected authorities do not claim responsibility for it. The situation in Prague, where most of company cars are registered...
read moreCar prices dropped m/m in Czech Rep in June
July 16, 2012 | 03:05am CEToriginalNew cars became cheaper by more than 1%, used ones only slightly. Prices of spare parts and servicing stagnated...
read moreOffenders of serious accidents in Czech Rep maybe to pay damages instead of insurance companies
July 16, 2012 | 02:53am CEToriginalThis will apply mainly to alcohol and drugs. Greater involvement of the private sector in financing of activities to support road safety...
read moreEC unveiled plan to further reduce CO2 emissions of passenger cars
July 16, 2012 | 02:43am CEToriginalCarmakers’ fleet emissions should fall below 95 g/km by 2020, as for light commercial vehicles they should get under 147 g/km. ACEA's attitude...
read moreCzech Rep does not eventually plan to return to original vehicle register
July 12, 2012 | 11:51pm CEToriginalEven though the new system is slower and loses the data. Possible penalties for the company ATS-Telcom, benevolence of the police towards drivers...
read moreEC plans more frequent technical inspections of older cars
July 12, 2012 | 11:36pm CEToriginalThe new law aims to reduce injuries and deaths due to technical defects. New rules for vehicle testing stations (MOT)...
read moreCzech police uncovered 949 cars registered with false document
July 12, 2012 | 11:13pm CEToriginalThese are probably stolen cars in Western Europe, legalized in the Czech Republic. Details of the half-year police event called Purge, the number of seized cars...
read moreCzech Rep planning to return to original vehicle register because of continuing problems
July 12, 2012 | 04:04am CEToriginalThe deadline for the supply company ATS-Telcom, the term of a possible return to the original registry, financial losses of carriers...
read moreNew Czech registry of vehicles encountered problems during first two days after startup
July 11, 2012 | 05:59am CEToriginalIn many places it did not work or it was impossible to print technical certificates. Requests for damages, jumbled data due to database transfer...
read moreBMW tightly won tender for free replacement of fleet of Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs
July 10, 2012 | 01:04am CEToriginalThe second participant Skoda Auto offered only one car less. The existing fleet, demand and bids, contract details...
read moreUK accused Daimler of violating competition rules
July 1, 2012 | 10:07pm CEToriginalUK’s OFT considers that the importer and five dealers of Mercedes-Benz commercial vehicles were involved in the cartel in 2007-2010…
read moreYapp Automotive started production in Czech Rep, invested EUR 10 million
June 20, 2012 | 01:36am CEToriginalLocation of the plant of the Chinese supplier, products, HR, an order from Skoda Auto...
read moreCEZ acquired other partners for e-mobility project
June 18, 2012 | 06:10am CEToriginalThe company and its partners have already been operating 13 public charging stations in the Czech Republic. New partners, a system of paying for electricity...
read moreCar prices in Czech Rep down m/m in May
June 12, 2012 | 02:51am CEToriginalNew cars became cheaper more than the used ones. Prices of spare parts and servicing stagnated...
read moreCzech Rep might contribute to ecological disposal of cars
June 4, 2012 | 10:40pm CEToriginalThe government is also considering a bonus malus system when buying a new car, introduction of road tax for private vehicles and low emission zones in city centres...
read moreCar prices in Czech Rep dropped m/m in April
May 10, 2012 | 09:10pm CEToriginalNew car prices went down more than the used ones. The rise in prices of spare parts and service works has stopped after nine months...
read more
Original reports AutofoxUsage in the companyOperating SphereOperating Sphere+Region
Production in Czechia nd SlovakiaProduction abroad and globalSales in Czechia and SlovakiaSales abroad and globalshow all
Vehicle SegmentMobilityInsuranceDamage liabilityAccident insurance, other-than-collision coverage (OTC)Windshield insuranceAnimal collision insuranceGAPAssistance services insuranceReplacement car insuranceshow all
RegionWorldEurope• Czechia• Slovakia• Poland• Hungary• Germany• United Kingdom• France• Italy• Spain• Austria• Romania• Bulgaria• Ukraine• RussiaAmerica• United States• Canada• Mexico• Brazil• ArgentinaAsia• Turkey• Israel• China• Japan• South Korea• IndiaAfrica• Morocco• Tunisia• Egypt• Nigeria• South AfricaAustraliaWestern EuropeCentral EuropeCentral and Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeBeneluxScandinaviaBalticBalkansNAFTALatin AmericaCISMiddle EastASEANshow all
ChangesAcquisitions / MergersDealer networkInvestments / ExpansionNew Plant / FacilityGrow / Fall ProductionCooperation / JVEnd of OperationHuman ResourcesPersonnel changesLogisticsLegislation / SubsidyTenders / ContractsFinancial problemsDisputes, investigations, actionsshow all
CarsR&DNew Model / FaceliftNew Engine / TransmissionTechnologyPricesSpecial offersRepair Service / TiresSpare Parts / AccessoriesWarranties / AssistanceUsed carsRecallshow all
PartsEco FuelSpecial EventsMotor Shows / Trade Fairs• Geneva Motor Show• Frankfurt Motor Show• Paris Motor Show• Brno Motor Show• Prague Motor ShowConferences / Workshops• Expected development of the automotive industry in Czechia and Central Europe• IIR Conferences• Auto 2009• Fleet Management 2010show all
AssociatonsACEA, EuropeAEB, RussiaNGV Association, CzechiaAutomotive Industry Association, CzechiaCAAM, ChinaCzech Insurance Association, CzechiaCzech Insurers’ Bureau, CzechiaCzech leasing and financial association, CzechiaCzech Gas Association, CzechiaCzech Gas Union, CzechiaKBA, GermanyOICAPFA, FranceCar Importers Association, CzechiaSISA, CzechiaSMMT, United KingdomVDA, GermanyAutomotive Industry Association, Slovakiashow all
InstitutionsGovernments / Parliaments• European Commission• European ParliamentInvestment agencies• CzechInvest, CzechiaTrade inspections• Czech Trade Inspection Authority, CzechiaStatistical authorities• Czech Statistical Office, CzechiaAntitrust authorities• Office for the Protection of Competition, CzechiaEIBshow all
AutomakersAixamAston MartinAvtoVAZ• LadaBAICBitterBMW Group• Alpina• BMW• Mini• Rolls-RoyceBrillianceBYDCaterhamCheryCNH Industrial• Iveco• (Irisbus)Czechoslovak Group• Avia• TatraDAFDaimler• Freightliner• Fuso• Mercedes• Setra• (Maybach)DongfengDR AutomobilesEkobusEkovaFAWFerrariFiskerFord Motor• Ford• Lincoln• (Mercury)GACGAZGeely Group• Geely• LEVC• Lotus• Lynk & Co• Polestar• Proton• Smart• Volvo CarsGeneral Motors• BrightDrop• Buick• Cadillac• Chevrolet• Corvette• GMC• Holden• (Daewoo)• (Hummer)• (Pontiac)• (Saturn)GonowGordonGreat Wall Motor• GWM• Haval• Ora• Tank• WeyHengchiHonda Motor• Acura• HondaHyundai Group• Genesis• Hyundai• KiaIneosIsuzuKaipanKamazKing LongKoenigseggLucidMahindra & Mahindra• Mahindra• Reva• SsangYongMartin MotorsMazdaMcLarenMitsubishiMorganNanjing AutomobileNavistarNioNissan Motor• Datsun• Infiniti• NissanPaganiPiaggioQorosRenault Group• Alpine• Dacia• Renault• SamsungRimac(Saab)SAIC Motor• LDV / Maxus• MG• Roewe(Santana)SeresSkoda ElectricSolarisSORSpykerStellantis(Fiat Chrysler Automobiles)(Fiat Group)(Chrysler Group)(PSA)• Abarth• Alfa Romeo• Chrysler• Citroen• Dodge• DS• Fiat• Jeep• Lancia• Maserati• Opel• Peugeot• Ram• VauxhallSubaruSuzukiTata Motors• Jaguar Land Rover• Jaguar• Land Rover• Tata(Tedom)TeslaTOGGToyota Motor• Daihatsu• Lexus• Toyota• (Scion)VDLVolkswagen Group• Audi• Bentley• Bugatti• Cupra• Ducati• Lamborghini• MAN• Porsche• Scania• SEAT• Skoda• VolkswagenVolvo Group• Mack• Nova Bus• Prevost• Renault Trucks• UD Trucks, Buses• Volvo Trucks, BusesYamahaZotyeOthershow all
FactoriesHyundai Motor Manufacturing Czech (HMMC) - Nošovice, CzechiaKia Slovakia - Žilina, SlovakiaPSA Slovakia - Trnava, SlovakiaŠkoda Auto - Kvasiny, CzechiaŠkoda Auto - Mladá Boleslav, CzechiaŠkoda Auto - Vrchlabí, CzechiaToyota Motor Manufacturing Czech Republic (TMMCZ) - Kolín, CzechiaVolkswagen Slovakia - Bratislava, SlovakiaVolkswagen Slovakia - Košice, SlovakiaVolkswagen Slovakia - Martin, SlovakiaVolkswagen Slovakia - Stupava, Slovakiashow all
Component manufacturers3MABBAGCAisanAisinArcelorMittalArvinMeritor (Meritor)AutolivBASFBehr (Mahle)BenetBentelerBorgersBorgWarnerBoschBranoBremboBridgestoneBriskBroseCadence Innovation (Magna)ConstructContinentalDanaDefendDelphiDensoDonaldsonDuraEdschaEissmannEuWe Eugen WexlerFaureciaFederal-MogulFehrerFTE AutomotiveFutabaGestampGetragGKNGoodyearGrammerGrupo AntolinGumotexHanonHellaHennigesHitachiHoneywellHP PelzerHutchinsonHyundai Dymos, Mobis, HyscoIACIntevaJohnson ControlsJTEKTKarsitKiekertKirchhoffKnorr-BremseKoitoKongsbergKostalKoyoKSPGLearLeoniLGLisiMagnaMagneti Marelli / Automotive LightingMann+HummelMatador AutomotiveMegatechMichelinMitsubishi Electric, RayonMubeaNemakNexenNSKOsramPanasonicPirelliPlastic Omnium / InergyRecticelRehauRieter (Autoneum)SaarGummiSaint-GobainSamsungSamvardhana MothersonSanyoSAS AutomotiveSeniorSchaefflerSiemensSKFSumitomoTakataTennecoThyssenKruppTI AutomotiveTiberinaTokai RikaToyoda GoseiTrelleborgTRWValeoVarrocVisteonWabcoWebastoWitteYanfengYazakiZFshow all
R&D companiesAKKA / MBtechAltran / SwellApplus+ IDIADAAufeer DesignBenet EngineeringBrunelEDAG EngineeringPorsche Engineeringshow all
DistributorsDealers, Service StationsAgrotecAlgonAures Holdings / AAA AutoAuto ActivityAuto CorsonAuto DubaAuto EsaAuto HaseAuto HellerAuto CharouzAuto InAuto JarovAuto PalaceAuto UHAuto-ExnerAutobondAutocentrum BarthAutosalon KlokockaBS AutoCar StarCarTec GroupCB AutoDajbychDomanskyEmil FreyFastboxGerhard HorejsekHalfordsHavexHouse of EnglandInveltLoudaLouwmanMVC AutomotiveNH CarOlfin CarPMG FinancePorsche Inter AutoRenocarRhiag (Elit, Auto Kelly)SamohylScuderia PrahaStratos AutoSulzbacherTop Centrum / Vista CarTrostTukasWiesenthalshow all
Financial CompaniesALD AutomotiveAllianzArvalAxaBanque PSA FinanceBawagBusiness LeaseCarGarantCarGarantieCCSCetelemColonnadeCrediumČeská podnikatelská pojišťovnaČeská pojišťovnaČSOB / KBCD.A.S.D.S. LeasingDirectDirect (RSA)EssoxEurop AssistanceEuropcarGE Money / GE CapitalGeneraliGlobal AssistanceHasičská vzájemná pojišťovnaHertzHome CreditKooperativaLeasePlanMaximaMondial AssistanceMonetaPillow (První klubová pojišťovna)QBE / CarlifeRaiffeisenRCI BanqueReal GarantSantandersAutoleasing / ErsteServisní pojišťovnaSixtSlaviaŠkofin / VolkswagenToyota FinancialTriglavÚAMKUniCreditUniqaVolksbankVZPWüstenrotshow all
Fuel and Energy SuppliersAgipArmexBenzinaCeproCeska rafinerskaCEZE.ONEuroOilKM-PronaLindeLukoilMOLOMVPap OilParamoPrazska plynarenskaPRERobin OilRWE / InnogyShellSlovnaftTotalUnipetrolVemex / Gazpromshow all
Another subjectsDay, Week
Month, Year
Interval
cancel
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
available to Autofox News subscribers after login
Autofox Offer
Is a hydrogen power the way of the future? Join the research!Free capacity at plastic molding plant in Jihlava, Czechia
More ads Autofox OfferAutofox Order
Autofox Enterprise
Autofox Job
Autofox Event
Autofox Estate
SELECTED FLASH NEWS
SELECTED ARTICLES
Autofox Wordbook
EXCHANGE RATES
1 EUR = 1.16 USD
1 EUR = 0.87 GBP
1 EUR = 0.92 CHF
1 EUR = 24.31 CZK
1 EUR = 4.23 PLN
1 EUR = 389.99 HUF
Source: ECB, October 23, 2025